Eating Disorders And Its Effects On Society - 1068 Words

For many of us, it is normal to have three meals per day with snacks in between, but for millions of other people in the U.S., it has been a routine for them to miss meals or consume over three meals per day. These people struggle with normal eating behaviors that result with negative effects on their emotional and physical health (Longe, 2008). These abnormal eating patterns are psychiatric illnesses known as eating disorders. People with the eating disorder, anorexia nervosa, have negative perceptions of their bodies, genuinely believing they are overweight, even when they are life-threateningly malnourished (Longe, 2008). As for people with bulimia nervosa, they often consume unreasonably large amounts of food in a short period of time,†¦show more content†¦Eating disorders commonly occur during preadolescence to adolescence and potentially during childhood or later in life. These disorders affect both genders, but women are affected two and a half times more than men (Na tional Institute of Mental Health, 2016). Although awareness of eating disorders is widespread, only a small percentage of people actually receive medical attention. In a recent study of a large sample of American people from ages 9 to 14, 34% of boys and 43.5% of girls were identified as having eating disorder traits. However, fewer than 20% of the cases of eating disorders have actually received treatment (Treasure, 2016). This number suggests that 80% of the eating disorder victims had refused treatment due to many reasons including the non-availability of financial assistance. In the U.S., the treatment cost of eating disorders without health insurance coverage ranges from $500 to $2,000 per day (Crow, 2014). For a month of inpatient treatment, the cost can extend to $30,000, and $100,000 for treatments such as therapy and medical monitoring (Crow, 2014). These are the average ranges that people, whose coverages are denied or inadequate, have to pay out of pocket. The costs of eating disorder treatments leave families in an ethical quandary that they cannot afford for essential care. When eating disorders are not properly monitored and treated, victims’ mental illnesses contribute to potential internal andShow MoreRelatedEating Disorders And Its Effects On Society1199 Words   |  5 Pagesreally take into consideration of what you’re eating, as it is something that you usually take for granted, that is, eating. Maybe that’s how it goes for you, eating without thinking. But for some people in the world, eating is something very difficult to do. Either they despise food because they feel that they are too overweight, or that they can’t stop eating because they are always hungry. These people are people who have eating disorders. Eating disorders mostly concern individuals that are usuallyRead MoreThe Influence Of Media Reporting On Society s Perception Of Beauty1730 Words   |  7 Pagessociocultural factors contribute to the development of eating disorders as well as how society s perception of beauty has been distorted. This paper wi ll further support the notion that societies perception of a female’s beauty is determined by their perceived body image, which in turn has a direct effect on teenage girls and plays a primary role in the development of eating disorders such as anorexia. There are two main types of eating disorders: anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. The term ‘anorexiaRead MoreEating Disorders : Eating Disorder1235 Words   |  5 PagesEating Disorders Eating disorders are a very serious psychological condition that affects your mind so that you are more focused on your food and weight than you are on everything else. The most known and most commonly diagnosed eating disorders are anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating disorder; however, these are not the only eating disorders. Eating disorders cause psychical and psychological problems, which at their worst can even become life threating. Statistics show that more women are affectedRead MoreWhy Is Unhealthy Perceived As Sexy?1503 Words   |  7 PagesSecret Fashion Show, she doesn’t believe she has an eating disorder. She still believes she isn’t perfect, and that she is fat. This is a reality that girls have to face. The fashion industry s extreme focus on glamorizing skinny women makes average women feel insecure about themselves, leading to the development of an eating disorder. â€Å"Eating disorders affect and kill many people every single year. Whether it is anorexia, bulimia, or an eating disorder not otherwise specified, they aren’t somethingRead MoreMedias Effect on Eating Disorders1164 Words   |  5 PagesMedia’s Effect On Eating Disorders Symbolic Interactionism is a theory focusing on the approach that has evolved from social behaviorism and that stresses the symbolic nature of human interaction (p. 46). In society, there are norms and expectations that people are expected to follow and live by and trying to achieve this ideal self-image, people sometime behave in a self-destructing behavior. Because the media creates an image that we are suppose to fit, people will go to the extreme measuresRead More Anorexia and Bulimia - A Threat to Society Essay994 Words   |  4 Pages In a society that discriminates against people, particularly women, who do not look slender, many people find they cannot - or think they cannot - meet societys standards through normal, healthy eating habits and often fall victim to eating disorders. Bulimia Nervosa, an example of an eating disorder that is characterized by a cycle of binge eating and purging, has become very common in our society. Although it generally affects women, men too are now coming to clinics with this kind of diseaseRead MoreThe Medi A Helping Hand For Eating Disorders1279 Words   |  6 PagesHelping Hand for Eating Disorders The media has taken a majority of time in the modern world, while morphing the ability to influence thought processes and how the brain perceives things around it. Television, for example, and even more so relevant—the Internet are the most powerful forms of media as they are able to produce advertisements that reflect and are more relatable to the targeted audience. Since the beginning of the Internet, researchers have been trying to figure out the effects of the mediaRead MoreThe Between Media And Body Image1348 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscrimination, and condemnation. The thin ideal has been constructed by the society and by the media. But women are affected that kind of construction. Mass media give narrow definition about the standard of beauty. Delis noticed this massage everywhere, especially in the media, â€Å"I am so affected by Glamour magazine and Vogue and all that; I’m looking at all these beautiful women. They’re thin. I want to be just as beautiful. I want to be just as thin. Because that is what guys like† (Hesse-BiberRead MoreEating Disorders Are Abolishing People Day By Day1566 Words   |  7 PagesEating disorders are abolishing people day by day. According to the National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders, up to 24 million people of all ages and genders suffer from an eating disorder in the United States. These mental monsters are not physical, but they are mentally destroying a person’s thoughts, which effect their overall actions. Not only are eating disorders caused by unrealistic societal expectations, but the monsters come out through the psychological aspectsRead MoreBinge Eating Disorder Essay examples939 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction According to the Merriam-Webster online dictionary, binge eating is defined as uncontrolled compulsive eating, especially as a symptom of bulimia or binge eating disorder(BED). Individuals, who suffer from a (BED), usually, consume, abnormally large amounts of food, quickly. The condition causes sufferers to eat until they are painfully full. we live in a society that accepts encourages overindulging . Therefore, there are probably several occasions on which we eat more than we should

Mass media Free Essays

How have the mass media affected human life? The role of mass media in the civilized society is still provoking much controversy. Some individuals claim that mass media converts the world into a better place to live in, others, in the meantime, argue that it brings us nothing but trouble. From my perspective, mass media is widely acknowledged for its merits regarding entertainment and information purposes. We will write a custom essay sample on Mass media or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the first place, mass media is considered a source of entertainment. To the present day, television and the Internet offer a surprisingly broad variety of ecreational forms such as films, music, games, comics and so on. This wide range, coupled with the blossom of multi-channel technology, facilitates viewers’s relaxation after a hard-working day. Such is the popularity of mass media that hardly any day goes by without tens of thousands of users turning to it for entertainment. In addition, mass media functions as a means of Information. It contains a truly large amount of information of all types: from economic, political to environmental news, which assists onlookers or subscribers in keeping up with the current affairs In the world. For example, It Is mass media that helps broadcast the Fukushima’s nuclear explosion all over the world, hence enabling us to be Informed of the catastrophe within seconds. But for the information purpose of mass media, human beings would have been kept In the dark about the outside world. Those holding the reverse view argue that mass media does more harm than good for utilizers. Overexposure to televisions, computers or even newspapers can lead to eye disorders, headache, backache, so on. Should their heath suffer, how can they live normally, let alone comfortably? Nevertheless, the majority of victims are seen In sers of young age whose awareness of the bad effects of the mass media has not been fully developed. As long as they are educated, the Impact of mass media will not be so Intense. On balance, mass media Is one of the focuses of todays concern. Although It possesses some drawbacks, It Is my strong belief that mass media play such an Indispensable part In human lives that hardly anyone can Imagine a world without Its appearance. In addition, mass media functions as a means of information. It contains a truly news, which assists onlookers or subscribers in keeping up with the current affairs in the world. For example, it is mass media that helps broadcast the Fukushima’s nuclear explosion all over the world, hence enabling us to be informed of the beings would have been kept in the dark about the outside world. ive normally, let alone comfortably? Nevertheless, the majority of victims are seen in been fully developed. As long as they are educated, the impact of mass media will not be so intense. On balance, mass media is one of the focuses of todays concern. Although it possesses some drawbacks, it is my strong belief that mass media play such an indispensable part in human lives that hardly anyone can imagine a world without its How to cite Mass media, Papers Mass Media Free Essays There are many researchres, the purpose is to find out about the influence of media on young people. It is undeniable that the mass media has a lot of effects in our everyday life, especially to young people who have not had enough maturity. (in the age of 12 – 21) Let’s find out what is the mass media. We will write a custom essay sample on Mass Media or any similar topic only for you Order Now The mass media is any medium that transmits mass communication, such as newspaper, books, magazines, etc. It also refers collectively to all media technologies, including computer games, internet, TV shows and radio. Both of these highly-tech countries, Singapore and United State of America, are the good examples to be discussed about the effects of some mass medias in this essay. Singapore is the well-known country as the communicative country. It is because Singapore is a small island, there is a wireless covers all areas in the island. Therefore you can easily access the website all over the world. Singapore’s government has the Media Development Authority to block the undesirable website, mainly targets sexual, political, violence, racial and religious issue. Although Singapore’s government has the authority to block, censor and control about private information on the internet, there are still some problems about the internet. Many teenagers in Singapore use technologies especially internet in a bad way. Some use internet in order to hack, gamble, prostitute through chatting room. This indicates that internet has an influence to young people today. The national internet advisory council of Singapore, the authority that controls the usage of internet, had held a project to campaign teenagers in Singapore to use internet in a valuable way. The name of this project is Cyber wellness. Michael Yap, the leader of this campaign said that teenagers spend the most of time playing game online, surfing internet and chatting, including the young people who have not had enough maturity. There are many danger related to the internet. In the same way in United State of America (USA), most youths spend a lot of time surfing internet. Their attitude is that the internet brings numerous advantages to them. However, internet does not bring only positive things, there are also negative things from the internet. USA is the developed country. Many authorities play the role of censorship on the internet. Programs such as censorware or web filtering software are used in some institutions. The influence of internet in USA is mostly internet addiction. Internet seems to separate youths from the real world. Almost communication is communicated through the website, such as Facebook, Yahoo, MSN, Skype and Myspace. They hardly communicate directly. This might loses their sensibility, feeling and emotion in relationship between interlocutors. Another media that obviously influence young people is the television. The teenagers will imitate their idol on the TV shows. Unfortunately, quite a few things that teenagers copy from their favorite idol are not really good. Fashion is one thing that stars and celebrities will be the model of dressing, hair style even though speech and behavior. Nowadays, K-POP or Korean Popular, the product from Korean, had put on the market all around Asia especially South East Asia. Singapore is one of these countries. Almost teenagers in Singapore copy the image from their Korean idols. They change their hair cut and use Korean product such as pencil case that has pictures of their idols screened on it. K-POP becomes the new attitude for the teenagers, they thinks that they are cool when they copy the Korean style. It is not only that, the fashion is changed all the time. Thus, the teenagers, who want to be up-to-date, have to buy new clothes all the time. This shows that the TV shows have an effect on the teenagers’ popularity. USA also has problems about TV shows too. It includes music and also movies that broadcast on television. Violence is one of the influences that have an effect on American youth. Rock stars are good examples. Rock Music began popular because of the distinctive clothes, hair style mixed with the line of the song that excites audience. Many people consider Rock Star as a hard-drinking, hard-living character. Drugs were also a big part of rock music life style. Moreover, the characteristic and environment of rock stars seem to relate with violence. The young people will gradually receive this violence. In America, many teenagers change their hair style and tint their hair follow the famous rock star. These are only a little part of the influence of mass media. In different countries, there are difference kinds of influence, depends on the environment and value of each country. The mass media has positive and negative influence. Everyone has a role to prevent the bad influence and encourage the good one. How to cite Mass Media, Essay examples Mass media Free Essays The twosome flow theory gave 4 | Page way to the multiples flow theory of mass communication or diffusion of innovation theory. Katz, Lieu (1973). The twosome flow of communication: an update report of an hypothesis. We will write a custom essay sample on Mass media or any similar topic only for you Order Now In Anis and Cox(des. ), Marketing Classics, Pl 751 93. Conceptual Framework In this framework, the source will be the local TV networks because they are the one who will dub the foreign cartoons. The message will be promotion of nationalism and patriotism to Filipino children who often watch Digitized cartoons. The mass media is the airing of Digitized cartoons. The opinion leaders 5 | page will be the parents of the children who often watch Digitized cartoons. They are the opinion leaders because the researchers will interview arenas from Magmata, Manila and Guenon City to know their opinion about Digitized cartoons and their opinion about it promoting nationalism or just to help children to understand the show better because it’s dubbed t our national language. Lastly the children are the public because they are the target audience of the local TV networks. Sass motion The reason why the local TV networks continue to air Digitized cartoons, is for Filipino children to understand the show better, because if the cartoons were in English, the people who use it as a second language far Outnumber those w ho speak it as a first language. It doesn’t promote nationalism because its setting is from western and Asian countries. The shows are Digitized because they only want to help children that are not yet familiar or incapable of speaking English h to understand the shows better. Many parents discourage their children to watch h Digitized cartoons because it doesn’t help them to enhance their English proficiency which is important nowadays because it’s the universal language. Depend will not consider this as a promotion for nationalism because Of its stet inning. Significance of the Study The researcher’s aim is to know the reasons why local networks intention to Digitize cartoons and do they really want to promote nationalism by 6 | page dubbing foreign cartoons in Filipino language and to know the advantages and disadvantages of watching Digitized cartoons. The significance of this study to local TV networks is to know their reason of airing Digitized cartoons, to parents, it’s significance is to understand the TV networks’ reason Of airing Digitized cartoons and does it really help their children to understand the show better, as per the children, it’s significance is to know the lessons or will they benefit if they watch Digitized cartoons. This duty will help the viewers to understand why they should or shouldn’t encourage their children to watch Digitized foreign cartoons. If they really want to promote nationalism, they should make a Toga sitcom or TV shows for children like Abbott, Sinkable and Heartwarming. Scope and Limitation The people that are involved in this study are the local TV networks like GAMMA, ABACAS and TV that air Digitized cartoons, Depend and the parents of the children who often watch Digitized foreign cartoons, the parents and children that the researchers will interview are coming from Magmata City, Patters, Tagging 7 | page ND Guenon City. In two months the researchers will be able to gather all the data that are needed in this study. Although this research is carefully prepared, there will be some unavoidable limitations like the limited availability of the local network and Depend representatives, weather and the location where the researchers will conduct their interview. The researchers will interview the parents of the children who often watch Digitized cartoons, their children and representatives from ABACAS, GAMMA and The researchers will interview them by the end of October. The researcher will conduct an interview with he parents and their children at their residence and the representatives will be interviewed at their office. Definition of terms Cartoons A cartoon is a form of dimensional illustrated visual art. While the specific definition has changed over time, modern usage refers to a typically nonrealistic or semanticist drawing or painting intended for satire, caricature, or Depth Department of Education (abbreviated as Depend; Filipino: Quarrelsomeness’s) is the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for ensuring access to, promoting equity in, and 8 | page improving the quality of basic education. It is the main agency tasked to manage and govern the Philippine system of basic education. It is the chief formulator of Dubbed When videos from other countries have been translated. Foreign engage A language indigenous to another country. It is also a language not spoken in the native country of the person referred to. Mainstream It is the common current thought of the majority. It includes all popular culture and media culture, typically disseminated by mass media. Nationalism A feeling that people have of being loyal to and proud of their country often with the belief that it is better and more important Han other countries. How to cite Mass media, Papers Mass Media Free Essays This chapter presents the background of the study, statement of the problem, research objectives, research questions, significance the study and limitation of the study. Background of the study Formerly perceived as an activity that only large companies in developed economies engage in, the reality is, success of every organisation, whether large or small is dependent on building a relationship with their customers (Kotler, 2002). Small businesses have used promotion to raise customer’s awareness and interest, announce new products, publicise an improvement and stay competitive (Garity, 2010). We will write a custom essay sample on Mass Media or any similar topic only for you Order Now The more people respond to promotion, the better it is for the business and the society in large. Promotion allows customers compare and contrast products and services to ensure they get the best (Kotler, 2002)Kayode (2007) defines promotion as the conscious effort that involves setting up mediums that a business can utilize in persuading customers to buy products or services, or even promote a concept. Promotion as a means to communicated existed in pre-historical times. Egyptian papyrus, waxed boards and roadside rocks were used in the ancient times to present upcoming sales to the citizens (Feofanov, 2004). Technological advancements gave way to expansion of product promotion through mass media. In 20th century, the era of industrial and production though technology and innovation to develop sophisticated and organized means of communicating with potential customers. With the help of radio, billboards, flyers, television, magazines, newspapers and brochures, small businesses were able to to create awareness of their products (Patino ; Pitta 2012) and communicate with their customers. Breirley (1995) explains further that small businesses also engage in promotion with an objective to influence behaviours, appeal to customers as well as motivate them to buy or not buy certain products. In developing countries, broadcast and print media remain the most preferred means of promotion due to its nature of information richness whose format allows text, animation and audio (Murmaan, 2013). According to Marmori (2009) radio and television give businesses the possibility to reach a sufficient amount of targeted audience as well as a high frequency of words in the message distributed. They have the ability to reach even illiterate people. Television and radio transmits locally, regionally as well as internationally giving the promotion a widest coverage. Although the most popular, radio and television are expensive media for promotion of products and services in comparison to short exposure time of their message. One’s message has to be brief, and sometimes considered a nuisance when aired in the middle of a program. With the creation of World Wide Web in the early 1990s, internet as mechanism of disseminating information between individuals, regardless of their geographical destination has had a landmark effect on how small businesses are promoting their products/ services (Leiner, Cerf, Clark, Kahn, 2017). Formerly regarded as a communication tool, internet in now a certifiably revolutionary technology that has enabled businesses a faster and better two-way communication between them and their customers. In the first era, internet belonged to individuals, an aspect that has long changed as businesses have taken over and are using social media to create awareness of their products or services (Kaplain Heinlein, 2010). The revolution in technology has changed how businesses are establishing and maintaining relationships with their customers (Breirley, 1995). Through websites and social media and increase of mobile phone, both small businesses and customers have a quick access to information, low promotional cost, multimedia enriched and limitless space (Stojkovi?, 2012). Internet has offered a global platform to sell and buy products and services for small business formerly limited by lack of sufficient budgets.In Tanzania, many small businesses are integrating social media as part of the promotion plan. Ayman’s Investment is a one such business that engages social media via Instagram to promote its services and products which includes a hair and beauty and bridal clothes respectively. Social Media Buettner (2016) describes social media as computer affiliated tools that enables users to share information in virtual networks, faster and effective. When adopted in business, Social Media offers a variety of benefits and opportunities for businesses to promote their businesses (Celine, 2012). Therefore, businesses cannot afford to bypass Social Media. Mehmood ; Shabbir (2016) acknowledges that indeed social media has transformed not only social interaction but the way of business. Whether websites, social networks or blogs, people are sharing their experiences and information. Smith ;Treadaway (2010) observed that the rise of social media has more or less coincided with the decline of traditional media with its acceptance rate continuing to increase as compare to traditional media. Social media allow users to create content by taking and sharing photos of their products as well as write captions to compliment the photos (Bui, 2014). Ben Long, a photographer and writer highlights the use of photos as a powerful tool to evoke a potent experience to viewers (Long, 2011). Through social media, businesses can generate, authentic conversations between them and customers and they are sharing their thoughts and experiences at no cost at all, unlike word-of-mouth which is limited in reach and broadcast media that is expensive (Evans,2008). They include Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and SnapChat. Although less popular that Facebook, Instagram is rapidly becoming one of today’s top choices among small businesses. Launched in October 2010, Instagram had 800 million active subscribers in September, 2017. With 7 million internet users in Tanzania, small businesses are using Instagram as an online mobile photo, video-sharing and social networking service enabling them take pictures and videos, and share them other users who are potential and existing customers (Gross, 2010). Both small and large businesses are using Instagram is an ideal promotion tool (Keating, 2015). Small Investments Small Investments also referred as Small Businesses are also referred to as Small and Medium Enterprises or Micro, Medium Enterprises. In Tanzania, small investments are described as those with the ability to engage or employ up to 4 with a capital amounting up to Tshs.5.0 million (SME policy, 2002). Tanzania Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Commerce estimate that at least 95% of business in Tanzania are small businesses and contribute about 35% of the country’s Gross Development Product (GDP) making small business a crucial subject of discussion.This study is determined to find out how and why small businesses are adopting social media as a promotion tool. How to cite Mass Media, Papers

Punishment of Crimes in the Us Criminal Justice System free essay sample

Punishment of Crimes in the US Criminal Justice System One of the greatest challenges facing the criminal justice system is the need to balance the rights of accused criminals against society’s interest in imposing punishments on those convicted of crimes. The U. S. criminal justice system deals with punishment of those in violation of the law in several ways; retribution, incapacitation, deterrence, and even the possibility of rehabilitation are all different options that are utilized by the U. S. today with those convicted of crimes. After reading selections from Emile Durkheim’s â€Å"Rules of Sociological Method†, I realize that although so much is done to prevent it and ultimately deter ordinary people and criminals alike from committing a crime, a society is unable to function without it. Durkheim makes a claim that although crime is â€Å"regrettable,† it is an â€Å"integrative element in any healthy society† (Durkheim: 98). It has been evident in almost every society around the globe that crime is an essential way in which we build social solidarity. The criminal justice system creates and maintains a powerful dynamic of solidarity through social exclusion of criminals and we can compare the different ways in which crimes are punished and their effect on that dynamic of social solidarity. Changes in U. S. politics have caused shifts in the theoretical purposes of sentencing and punishment. During the heyday of liberalism in the 1960s and 1970s, the judicial and executive branches (for example, parole boards) wielded power in sentencing. Legislators designed sentencing laws with rehabilitation in mind. More recently, during the politically conservative 1980s and 1990s, legislators seized power over sentencing, and a combination of theories—deterrence, retribution, and incapacitation—have influenced sentencing laws (Reynolds). Deterrence, incapacitation, and rehabilitation are all arguments that look to the consequences of punishment; they are all forward-looking theories of punishment. Retribution is just the opposite. The issue of retribution or â€Å"an eye for an eye,† is thought of as a key rationale for punishment. In our world today, there isn’t a society where it is not the rule that the punishment should fit the crime (Durkheim: 103). Retribution is a backward-looking theory of punishment, meaning it looks to the past to determine what to do in the present. Ideally, the harshness of punishments should be proportionate to the seriousness of crimes. In reality, it is difficult to match punishments and crimes, since there is no way to objectively gauge the moral evil of particular crimes and/or the painfulness endured by specific punishments. Although I don’t personally believe retribution is always the right way to go about the punishment of crimes, it creates an atmosphere of criminals getting what they deserve and helps to build solidarity in a society through that overall feeling of â€Å"let the punishment fit the crime†. Solidarity grows when we act against certain people and punish them for the extent of what they have really done and the crime committed. Retribution is viewed as a vastly accepted method of punishment, but probably the most prevalent method is in the form of incapacitation. Incapacitation has been largely accepted into the criminal justice system, and entails the removal from society. A popular reason for punishment is that it gets criminals off the streets and protects the public. The idea is to remove an offender from society, making it physically impossible (or at least very difficult) for him or her to commit further crimes against the public while serving a sentence. Incapacitation works as long as the offenders remain locked up. There is no question that incapacitation reduces crime rates by some unknown degree. The problem is that it is very expensive. Incapacitation carries high costs not only in terms of building and operating prisons, but also in terms of disrupting families when family members are locked up (Henry). Incapacitation as a punishment of crimes is able to build-up social solidarity in two instances, between those who are the victims of crimes, but also between those persons who actually committed the offence and those closest to them. When a multitude of people are singled out and separated, it builds the bond not only within those who remain, but for those individuals who have been isolated and other persons who either feel pity or unhappy about their isolation as well. One of the few downfalls of incapacitation as well as deterrence and all other methods of punishment to crimes, is that even if all crimes were to be abolished, new crimes would arise in some form or another (Durkheim: 98). However, where incapacitation is provided through actions after-the-fact, deterrence is rooted solely in fear of consequences. Can fear truly discourage crime? Deterrence assumes that people will weigh the costs and benefits of their actions and will not commit crimes due to the severity of their punishment and that of incarceration. There are two  different types of deterrence, general and specific. General deterrence uses the person sentenced for a crime as an example to induce the public to refrain from criminal conduct, whereas specific deterrence punishes an offender to dissuade that offender from committing future crimes. The limitations of deterrence are that some crimes can’t be deterred because the offenders don’t rationally weigh the bene fits versus the cost (which includes punishment) before breaking the law. Such limitations arise with criminal acts that involve crimes of passion and crimes committed while under the influence of drugs among others. Another point to be made is that deterrence doesn’t necessarily only apply to punishments, deterrence can also come from preventative measures taken beforehand. The general fear of consequence and punishment of the collective is the main component of social solidarity when pertained to deterrence. The almost exact opposite of deterrence and trying to prevent the criminal acts from happening in the first place, is rehabilitation. Rehabilitation as a form of punishment to crimes is a â€Å"let the punishment fit the criminal† mentality. The rehabilitative ethic is in place so criminals can learn for the betterment of themselves. Rehabilitation calls for changing the individual lawbreaker through correctional interventions, such as drug-treatment programs. We have seen that certain criminals, such as perpetrators of nonviolent crimes and first-time offenders, are more likely to be successfully rehabilitated than repeat offenders and violent criminals (Reynolds). The full effectiveness of rehabilitation has never truly been tested however with funding being, for the most part, inadequate. This method of punishment is another clear example of building social solidarity through the exclusion of criminals being entered into rehabilitation programs. As the smaller number of individuals is essentially outcast, the larger group comes together through this social exclusion of criminals. When looking at the way that our criminal justice system punishes crimes, there are many forms and shapes these punishments take on, but they all ultimately lead to the same end which is an increase in social solidarity. Through reading selections from Emile Durkheim’s â€Å"Rules of Sociological Method† and drawing comparisons to the different methods and reasons behind why we punish crimes I was able to gain perspective on how these punishments help to build social solidarity. Through the social exclusion of criminals, the U. S. criminal justice system is able to maintain the powerful dynamic of solidarity. Whether it be out of a need for retribution, deterrence, incapacitation or even a willingness to help and rehabilitate a criminal, crime is a key component to the solidarity of society as a whole and helps to bring together the larger group through the punishment of criminals. Bibliography